高三英语教案Unit10 American Literature (teachers’ edition)(下)
被动语态一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者) 例如:He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主语+get+过去分词+其它成分例如:The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意:使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”
3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。例如:She lent me a bike.被动:1)I was lent a bike(by her).2)A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词+be+过去分词例如:This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分例如;These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如:This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如:The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注:prove也可用于被动式,如:His answer(was) proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有:hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如:The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较:The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况:
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
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